2017). has been reduced to 2n = 2x = 18, indicating the possibility of chromosomal fusions and/or large-scale chromosomal rearrangements. The resulting comparative maps make it possible to estimate the degree of linkage conservation between these two species. Cytology o Diploid chromosome number is 2n=2x=22 o 11 bivalent complement consists of 1 short(19 micron m.) 7 medium(26-36 micron m.) 3 long(41-45 micron m.) 14. unguiculata, biflora, sesquipedalis, and textilis. All the cultivated cowpea, Vigna unguiculata (L.) Walp. Thus, this research work aimed at constructing genetic linkage map of cowpea using SNP markers. Cowpea (Vigna unguiculata (L.) Walp) is an important legume, particularly in developing countries.However, little is known about its genome or chromosome structure. Chromomeres were not distributed uniformly along the arms. We used molecular cytogenetics to characterize the structure of pachytene chromosomes to advance our knowledge of chromosome and genome organization of cowpea. Keywords: Cowpea genotypes, phosphorus levels, growth, yield attributes, yield. 2011; Muñoz-Amatriaín et al. is grouped under Vigna unguiculata, subdivided into four semi-groups or cultigroups viz. chromosome structure, or even in chromosome number is 1995), Muduli and Mishra, 2007) known as chromosomal mutation. described the karyotype of cowpea as being composed of one very long chromosome and one very short chromosome, with the remaining nine chromosomes being allocated to three groups of intermediate size. chromosome 4 being absent (Fig. Cowpea is eaten by deer as forage, and is commonly used in food plots for deer. It … Pusa Dophasali, b. Given the 3 x 10 9 base pairs in the human haploid genome, this means that each chromosome harbors on average roughly 130 Mb of DNA, with the smallest, chromosome 21, carrying ≈50 Mb and the largest, chromosome 1, at ≈250 Mb. Some varieties of cowpea are used specifically for wildlife purposes (Ball et al., 2007). INTRODUCTION Cowpea (Vigna unguiculata L.), belongs to the family leguminaceae, is one of the most important vegetable crops, with chromosome number 2n=22 and originated from Central Africa. The diploid chromosome number is 2n = 2x = 22. Cowpea (Vigna unguiculata) with chromosome number 2n=22 is a multipurpose grain legume crop grown throughout subtropical areas of the world. Cowpea is one of the oldest source of human food. soils. Cowpea [Vigna unguiculata (L.) Walp] exhibits a considerable variation in leaf shape. 3b). The number of cowpea-specific genes was further reduced to 578 by microarray-based genomic hybridization with DNA of cowpea and adzuki bean (Vigna angularis), a close relative of cowpea, where only 20 fewer unigenes were recognized as cowpea specific . A diploid chromosome count ranging between 2n = 20 to 24 was observed with the chromosome number 2n = 22 being the most frequent. It is an important topic of review in basic plant breeding. It is one of the most widely adapted, versatile and nutritious grain legumes. It’s a good source of protein, carbohydrate, fat, vitamins and phosphorous. Its gene pool includes the cultivated cowpea and its wild relatives, which are … In this context, present study of inheritance and interrelationships for five qualitative characters was worked out in crosses of TCM- 77 - 4 × HC - 98 - 66, TVX - 944 - 02E × TCM - 77 - 4, APC-412 × HC- 98 - 65 and APC - 478101 × TCM - 77 - 4. On the basis of chromosome size, the different accessions of AYB could be divided into three different groups. Single seed descent method of breeding was used to generate mapping population between IT-95K-193-12 and Ife-Brown. (subgenus Vigna sect. -----variety of cowpea is a cross of pusa palguni and Philippines selection.a. The diploid numbers of chromosomes are essentially constant within the same species. Ethnobotany: Cowpea has been a … The present investigation was planned towards the greater understanding of the genetics of the crop. www.k8449r.webbly.com Google –Bharsar student www.Anilrana13014.webbly.com 27. Introduction. 2c). Based on the probable likelihood of each genotype to be grouped into any of the three distinct groups, 57 (16%) fell into the first cluster (C-I), 55 (13%) into the second cluster (C-II), and 124 (34%) into the third cluster (C-III) ( Fig 4 ). Cowpea feeds millions of people in the developing world with an annual world production estimated at about 4.5 million metric tons on 12 to 14 million ha. Chromosomal reduction is also found in three Phaseolus species with Ag-NOR staining confirmed the absence of activity at chromosome 4 (Fig. The chromosome number of this crop is 2n = 22 [4,25,27]. Cowpea is a diploid member of the Fabaceae family with a chromosome number 2n = 22 and a … Cowpea (Vigna unguiculata (L.) Walp) is an important legume, particularly in developing countries. Mukherjee (1968) studied the pachytene chromosomes and reported that the 11 bivalent complement, consisted of 1 short (19 µm), 7 medium (26-36µm), and 3 long (41-45 µm) chromosomes. Catiang) in the Phaseoleae (Maréchal et al. All 11 had a median or submedian centromere. However, little is known about its genome or chromosome structure. On the other hand, [25] described 11 chromosome pairs falling into three sized groups: five 1A). SELFING Cowpea is being a self pollinated crop it dose not required any artificial selfing methods but for the betterment we generally go for bagging of the mature flower bud. "A good number of genes are conserved across species," he said. Cowpea (Vigna unguiculata (L.) Walp.) Still, as sub-Saharan Africa and other cowpea production regions encounter climate variability. The induced mutation is caused artificially by mutagenic factors. 2, 3, breeding for more climate-resilient varieties remains a priority. Cowpea (Vigna unguiculata L.) vegetable plays a vital role in the health and nutritional security of human being and it belongs to the family of fabaceae, is a diploid with chromosome number 2n=22 and genome size is 600 Mb. (2n = 2x = 22) is a leguminous crop cultivated for fresh and dry grains, leaves, and fodder. Although cowpea is mostly utilized as a dry grain and animal fodder crop, cowpea leaves are also used as a high-protein pot herb in many countries of Africa. The agents that ... cowpea was carried out in the Department of Botany, Annamalai University. 2016), the previous cowpea linkage group 11 of the cowpea consensus genetic map (Lucas et al. 148 World Programme for the Census of Agriculture 2010 Crop name Botanical name ICC code Previous code 1 Castor bean Ricinus communis 431 1.4.2.1.0 From a cytogenetic viewpoint, relatively little is known about Vigna species (Saccardo et al. 1b). This first map was based on 87 random genomic and 5 cDNA RFLPs, 5 RAPDs and some morphological traits representing 10 linkage groups (LGs) spanning 680 cM, although cowpea has a chromosome number of n=11. The Rk locus has been mapped on chromosome Vu04 (Huynh et al. C owpea [Vigna unguiculata (L.) Walp.] Cowpea belongs to the genus Vigna Savi. It belongs to the Phaseoleae (L.) tribe (Fabaceae family), it is diploid and its chromosome number is 22. Cytology o Diploid chromosome number is 2n=2x=22 o 11 bivalent complement consists of 1 short(19 micron m.) 7 medium(26-36 micron m.) 3 long(41-45 micron m.) 15. 15. The lentil (Lens culinaris or Lens esculenta) is an edible legume.It is an annual plant known for its lens-shaped seeds.It is about 40 cm (16 in) tall, and the seeds grow in pods, usually with two seeds in each.As a food crop, the majority of world production comes from Canada and … Nigeria is the largest producer of cowpea in Africa (Agboola, 1979) ... Chromosome ID Number of SNP markers Length (cM) Our data showed that cowpea has highly distinct … The chromosome complement of the cowpea is relatively simple (2n = 2x = 22) with apparently little genetic and no chromosomal divergence of the cultivars from their putative ancestor. We used molecular cytogenetics to characterize the structure of pachytene chromosomes to advance our knowledge of chromosome and genome organization of cowpea. This will facilitate development of new varieties of cowpea. However, little is known about its genome or chromosome structure. 1. 16. A set of cDNA clones, which had previously been mapped onto wheat chromosomes, was genetically mapped onto the chromosomes of rice. SELFING Cowpea is being a self pollinated crop it dose not required any artificial selfing methods but for the betterment we generally go for bagging of the mature flower bud. 1992). Leaf morphology was studied in the cowpea RIL population, Sanzi (sub-globose leaf shape) x Vita 7 (hastate leaf shape). Data are presented on chromosome length, arm ratio, centromere position and chromosome pattern for the 11 bivalents at pachytene. This We used molecular cytogenetics to characterize the structure of pachytene chromosomes to advance our knowledge of chromosome and genome organization of cowpea. The few studies on the subject have reported a chromosome number of 2n = 22 for Vigna unguiculata (Barone and Saccardo 1990; The chromosomes of the accessions studied were generally small in size ranging between 0.58 to 1.84 µm. The most probable number of subpopulations in the collected cowpea genotypes was K = 3. The chromosome number is one of the primary basis of hybridization in agricultural crops as well as in animals. The resolution of the map was approximately 7.0 cM between loci. Both gerera with Chromosome number 2n = 22 are predominantly self-fertilizing. Similar results are shown by the 18S- 5 .8S-25S probe hybridization: the telomeric region of chromosome 4 is free of hybridization signal, and no minor centromeric signals could be detected on any chromosome (Fig. is an important food legume in the tropics. Cowpea (Vigna unguiculata (L.) 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